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Sanli Sanli 14 May 2010

Research cartels will abolish genuine science

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Posted in Ethics, Presentations quality, Research and education

Ever-increasing competition for unfairly limited funding is backfiring. Territorial allocations and research topic fixing is hurting the creativity of researchers and specially demotivating the younger generation.

The title of this post may sound too provocative, but let me quote three dialogs, which I have witnessed in the last six months, to show how real this threat is. You may have heard such conversations as well.

  1. Prof. A tells visitor B: “Your research suggestion is indeed interesting and we can do it but prof. C may want to do it as well, and he is a good friend.”
  2. Young senior D replies to junior E’s proposal of trying slightly different samples: “Those kind of samples are investigated by Prof. F and this is a very competitive field.”
  3. Senior G, who is planning to submit a proposal, hears about the intention of Prof. H, who works on a similar subject and wants to submit a proposal as well. He decides to make sure their proposal titles are different before submission.

For a PhD student, who once chose a career in science to nurture his creativity, these observations are very disappointing. It is no more just the old boys network’s habit of citing friends and inviting them for conferences. My general feeling is that this attitude toward fixing research topics is nowadays a rule rather than an exception. Following this unwritten rule is encouraged by the rocketing expenses of contemporary research, the lack of enough transparency in reviewing proposals and articles, too limited number of academic positions, and too much quantification of scientists’ merits. Furthermore, the old fashioned hiring and grant allocation system which gives more and more power to those who are qualified as “prominent” by the criteria posed by themselves, or their network, acts as a positive feedback loop in forming closed clusters of researchers who try to peacefully share the available resources and avoid any friction inside their sector.

Just look at the definition of Cartel in wikipedia: “A cartel is a formal (explicit) agreement among competing firms. It is a formal organization of producers that agree to coordinate prices, marketing, and production”. I am afraid that we do see the same phenomenon among researchers and hence the title of this post. Imagine that a whole generation of researchers grow up with the attitude that they must make peace with their competitors and benefit from the friendship, instead of more hardworking or genuine production. As this attitude reaches the head of the system, no young force will ever be able to penetrate the system without obeying the cartel rules. This is like letting the Oil industry be responsible for developing renewable sources of energy or asking Microsoft to regulate new Operating System platforms.

Maybe I am too pessimistic about the urbanization of worldwide research system, where individuals are no more free to cross the lines  just for pleasing their talents and must follow the community rules. But, if the free soul of scientific innovation, and any other form of creative development, falls in the trap of “more compromise for less struggle”, there would be no way back.

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  1. Otto Muskens

    15 May 2010 17:29, Otto Muskens

    In the UK the situation is very simple: the Research Council will not fund the same research twice. So when writing a grant application it is very important to know who else is working in the field and adjust your proposal to not overlap in title and/or objectives. From the point of view of the taxpayer this is a perfectly defendable attitude.

    It seems these days that funding agencies are aiming to fund larger scale programmes consisting of several key players instead of smaller project grants. Of course it is a pity if such a consortium of big professors (cartel?) manages to collect millions in your area while you are left out. This is to my opinion were higher-level politics comes into play and where it is hard for younger scientists to enter the field.

  2. Sanli

    18 May 2010 22:09, Sanli

    Although this funding policy is questionable, the goal does not justify the means. There is only one contract for each construction project as well but the price fixing between contractors is still an unethical as well as criminal act.

    My whole point is that no matter how rational making these compromises sounds, it will harm the scientific progress in general and I say in the long term even the public image of research.

  3. Klaas Wynne

    16 May 2010 0:40, Klaas Wynne

    I have to more or less side with Otto: scientific research is rigorous but the scientific enterprise is a messy human business. Obviously you should take into account what your colleagues and pals are doing. Obviously you massage or tweak your research plans to fit in with what others are doing. Calling this a “cartel” seems overly harsh or shrill to me. I consider it sensible scientific politics.

  4. Sanli

    18 May 2010 22:23, Sanli

    Sorry Klass, but what you say is not obvious for me at all. I encourage awareness about others’ activities not to invent the wheel ten times, but I do not understand somebody’s reluctance to pursue an idea JUST because by doing so his colleague will not invite him to the next conference or will not cite his papers anymore!

  5. Mirjam

    17 May 2010 9:46, Mirjam

    “Territorial allocations and research topic fixing is hurting the creativity of researchers and specially demotivating the younger generation.” —
    You would think that this is only the case if original research ideas never get funded, because ‘established’ researchers reject those proposals. Otherwise, it seems that if you are really creative and have new ideas you can actually benefit from the fact that the ‘old guys’ are wasting their time on the same old ideas.

  6. Sanli

    18 May 2010 22:42, Sanli

    @Mirjam: It is not about the funding. This messy politics Klaas is pointing at makes scientific career less attractive for talented, and maybe socially less opportunist, people.
    I think there is a lesson in the story of Gregori Perelman who quited math because of these messy politics. I found this text in wikipedia:

    Perelman is quoted in an article in The New Yorker saying that he is disappointed with the ethical standards of the field of mathematics. The article implies that Perelman refers particularly to Yau’s efforts to downplay Perelman’s role in the proof and play up the work of Cao and Zhu. Perelman added, “I can’t say I’m outraged. Other people do worse. Of course, there are many mathematicians who are more or less honest. But almost all of them are conformists. They are more or less honest, but they tolerate those who are not honest.” He has also said that “It is not people who break ethical standards who are regarded as aliens. It is people like me who are isolated.”

  7. Otto Muskens

    18 May 2010 19:40, Otto Muskens

    Regarding the topic of demotivating and destroying the creativity of the younger generation, I would like to point out an article in PLOS Biology ‘The granting system turns young scientists into bureaucrats and then betrays them’. I think it is clear that similar problems exist of the entire spectrum of scientific disciplines and that young researchers are generally not very satisfied with the situation they find themselves in.

  8. Unregistered

    20 Jun 2010 19:32, Gijs

    Getting grants funded is a much less platonic enterprise than the science itself. I recently ran into a science professor who shall remain nameless here, who took a very cynical, but possibly productive view of funding agencies: it is their job to distribute money, and like everybody else, the people working at the agencies do not like their jobs (only scientists could possibly like their jobs). So by minimizing the amount of work these guys have to spend on the job, you increase your chances of actually getting the dough, and that involves coordination so as not to be in your colleagues’/competitors’ way. The process of separating the bureaucrats from their money is made as smooth as possible by making sure everyone submits different proposals, and support from probable referees is secured beforehand.